Purdue Athletics has a proud and storied tradition. The Boilermakers have captured 83 Big Ten Conference championships, beginning with the 1909 baseball crown. On March 2, 2023, men's basketball won its conference-leading 25th Big Ten title. Women's golf has won six titles since 2000. Women's track & field captured the 2017 outdoor crown.
In addition to the team titles, the Boilermakers have earned 459 individual Big Ten crowns.
| SPORT | YEAR(S) |
| Baseball | 1909, 2012 |
| Men's Basketball | 1911, 1912, 1921, 1922, 1926, 1928, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1940, 1969, 1979, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2010, 2017, 2019, 2023, 2024 |
| Women's Basketball | 1991, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002 |
| Men's Cross Country | 1916, 1941, 1943 |
| Field Hockey | 1977, 1978, 1979 |
| Football | 1918, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1943, 1952, 1967, 2000 |
| Men's Golf | 1950, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1967, 1971, 1981 |
| Women's Golf | 2000, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 |
| Squash | 1935, 1936, 1941, 1942 |
| Women's Track & Field | 1987 (outdoor), 1999 (outdoor), 2001 (indoor), 2017 (outdoor) |
| Women's Volleyball | 1979, 1980, 1982, 1985 |
| Wrestling | 1942, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1954 |
In addition, Purdue has won 15 Big Ten Tournament championships. Women's basketball has a conference-leading nine titles. The Boilermakers' 10 combined basketball tournament championships are the most among Big Ten schools. Baseball and women's tennis won their first Big Ten Tournament crowns in 2012.
| SPORT | YEAR(S) |
| Baseball | 2012 |
| Men's Basketball | 2009, 2023 |
| Women's Basketball | 1998, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2013 |
| Women's Soccer | 2007 |
| Women's Tennis | 2012 |
| Women's Volleyball | 1982 |